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Chalcone-inspired indole, carbazole, and phenothiazine hybrids as potent aldose reductase inhibitors with selective anticancer potential: Rational design, synthesis, and multi-level characterization      
Yazarlar (6)
Özcan Güleç
Doç. Dr. Hatice Esra DURAN Doç. Dr. Hatice Esra DURAN
Kafkas Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Mustafa Arslan
Sakarya Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Kübra Gizem Yıldıztekin
Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Abdulilah Ece
Türkiye
Cüneyt Türkeş
Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Devamını Göster
Özet
Aldose reductase (ALR2) has emerged as a dual-function therapeutic target, critically involved in diabetic complications and cancer-related redox adaptation. In this study, a novel series of 15 chalcone-inspired heteroaryl–dihydronaphthalenone hybrids bearing indole, carbazole, or phenothiazine motifs (4a–4f, 8a–8e, 12a–12d) were rationally designed, synthesized, and systematically evaluated for their ALR2 inhibitory and anticancer properties. Enzymatic inhibition assays revealed low-nanomolar to low-nanomolar KI values, with compound 8b (KI = 3.59 nM, pKI = 8.44) emerging as the most potent inhibitor, outperforming the reference drug Epalrestat. SAR analysis highlighted the critical role of flexible alkyl side chains and polycyclic aromatic scaffolds in optimizing hydrophobic anchoring. Complementary in silico studies, including MM-GBSA binding energy calculations (ΔGbind = −56.37 kcal/mol …
Anahtar Kelimeler
ALR2 inhibition | Indole hybrids | Carbazole derivatives | Phenothiazine scaffold | Diabetic complications | Oxidative stress | Dual-action inhibitors | Molecular docking | Quantum descriptors | Molecular dynamics | cancer redox biology
Makale Türü Özgün Makale
Makale Alt Türü SSCI, AHCI, SCI, SCI-Exp dergilerinde yayınlanan tam makale
Dergi Adı Bioorganic Chemistry
Dergi ISSN 0045-2068 Wos Dergi Scopus Dergi
Dergi Tarandığı Indeksler SCI-Expanded
Dergi Grubu Q1
Makale Dili Türkçe
Basım Tarihi 09-2025
Cilt No 164
Doi Numarası 10.1016/j.bioorg.2025.108861
Makale Linki https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2025.108861