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Phthalimide–benzoic acid hybrids as potent aldose reductase inhibitors: Synthesis, enzymatic kinetics, and in silico characterization      
Yazarlar (7)
Dafina Hoti
Arleta Rifati Nixha
Doç. Dr. Hatice Esra DURAN Doç. Dr. Hatice Esra DURAN
Kafkas Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Mustafa Arslan
Sakarya Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Kübra Gizem Yıldıztekin
Türkiye
Abdulilah Ece
Türkiye
Cüneyt Türkeş
Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Devamını Göster
Özet
Aldose reductase (ALR2; AKR1B1) is implicated in hyperglycemia-driven tissue injury and remains a tractable enzymatic target. We developed a concise, chromatography-free two-step route to phthalimide–benzoic acid hybrids (5a–5m) and profiled their biochemical activity against human ALR2. Across the series, halogenated analogs were most active, with the para-bromophenyl derivative 5d emerging as the top hit (KI = 7.56 nM). Steady-state kinetic analysis indicated a competitive inhibition mechanism. Molecular docking to the ALR2 active site (PDB 4JIR), supported by MM-GBSA rescoring, yielded a catalytically consistent binding mode featuring hydrogen-bonding within the anion-binding region (Tyr48, His110) and complementary hydrophobic contacts (Trp111, Trp219), with Cys298 contributing as a proximal hydrophobic contact. In cell-based assays (A549, Hep3B, L929), the compounds generally …
Anahtar Kelimeler
Phthalimide-benzoic acid hybrids | Structure-activity relationship (SAR) | Enzyme kinetics (competitive inhibition) | Molecular docking | MM-GBSA binding energy | ADME/Tox prediction | Diabetic complications / polyol pathway
Makale Türü Özgün Makale
Makale Alt Türü SSCI, AHCI, SCI, SCI-Exp dergilerinde yayınlanan tam makale
Dergi Adı Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Dergi ISSN 0968-0896 Wos Dergi Scopus Dergi
Dergi Tarandığı Indeksler SCI
Dergi Grubu Q1
Makale Dili Türkçe
Basım Tarihi 12-2025
Cilt No 131
Doi Numarası 10.1016/j.bmc.2025.118416
Makale Linki https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2025.118416